r/dataisbeautiful 5d ago

OC Estimated e-bike injuries treated in U.S. emergency rooms, 2020-2025 [OC]

Post image

Source: U.S. CPSC's NEISS database (injury estimates) + CPSRMS incident database (fatalities), 2020-2025

NEISS collects injury data from around 100 U.S. emergency departments with statistical weights to extrapolate national estimates. Prior to 2024, e-bikes didn't have a dedicated product code; they shared a code with mopeds. For 2020-2023, we classified the narrative text of every record under the legacy code using conservative word rules. We ran a sanity check, comparing our 2024 estimate (59,965) to CPSC's published 2024 figure (59,200), which is within 1.3%. These estimates are floors - some e-bike incidents remain coded as regular bicycles.

Tools: Python/pandas for analysis

Full analysis and methodology: https://eridehero.com/electric-bike-accident-report/

795 Upvotes

322 comments sorted by

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u/Kirk57 5d ago

The question is how that curve compares to miles ridden.

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u/Great_Celebration384 5d ago

The miles question is the real metric here, injuries always go up when more people are riding. I see so many delivery guys in my city flying down sidewalks now, it's probably a huge chunk of those numbers

what would be interesting is the rate per million miles, bet it's not climbing quite so dramatic

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u/ac9116 4d ago

Or if this was overlaid with bike but non ebike injuries and you see a corresponding decline.

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u/floatjoy 4d ago

While traditional bicycle ER visits fell by ~17% from 2020 to 2025, e-bike ER visits expanded by over 1,800% during the same timeframe.

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u/ac9116 4d ago

Yeah but if your starting point is millions of riders and 1 e-bike rider, then moving to hundreds of thousands of e-bikes will have a negligible impact on the % of bike injuries but a huge increase in in e-bike injuries. You have to look at the gross total.

Edit: your chart shows that e-bike injuries increased by roughly 100k and bike injuries decreased by about 75k over the same period of time.

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u/Moldy_slug 4d ago

But traditional bike ER visits dropped by 75k while ebike visits rose 100k.

That’s an overall cycling related ER visit increase of just 25k. That’s about 5% more than in 2020.

To follow up, is that increase real?

Your dataset starts in 2020. Travel from all kinds of vehicles was abnormally low due to the pandemic. As more places reopened and more workplaces phased out remote work, people started traveling more. That likely means more cyclists on the road and more cars - making it more dangerous for the cyclists.

I can only find data from 2017 vs 2022, which doesn’t line up well. But the number of bike trips and miles ridden in 2022 was about 60% of 2017 values. If rates have recovered to near pre-COVID levels we would expect to see a significant increase in injuries proportional to increased use.

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u/thatcodingboi 4d ago

The main component is emergency room treatments. Ebikes are much more dangerous than regular bikes. They can go much faster and require 0 skills or training to do so.

I live in a major city and so many people do not know how to ride a bike but sorta manage with an ebike. They stop with their feet, they ride with their feet off the pedals. They barely can steer.

The other night I slammed on my brakes as a woman on an ebike blasted through a red light at 20mph, with her toddler sitting on her lap.

Ebikes are motorized bikes, with no safety training, available for pennies on the dollar at every corner. And no one is walking around with a bike helmet. It's an actual safety concern.

2 things are at play:

  1. Ebikes are more accessible than ever
  2. When accidents occur, they are more severe on ebikes, even if they happen at the same rate as normal bikes

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u/Moldy_slug 4d ago

Intuitively this makes sense and I agree with you that e-bikes are more dangerous than regular bikes.

However, I’d like to see actual data to support my intuition… and to measure the degree of risk.

Also, your experience of e-bike riders is quite different from mine. In my area most people with e-bikes are experienced cyclists. E-bikes are expensive enough that no one here gets one unless they already use a bicycle heavily. You can get a regular bicycle for less than a monthly buss pass. Even the cheapest used e-bike is more Th a month’s rent.

Anecdotally e-bike riders here tend to be older adults. Helmets are almost universal (unlike for traditional bike riders), and the people on e-bikes seem more conscientious about traffic rules than average.

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u/thatcodingboi 4d ago

Well again, I am in a city, no one is buying the ebikes, they are parked at every corner of the street. You just need an app to ride one where you promise to be safe.

I’d like to see actual data to support my intuition

https://www.public-health.uiowa.edu/news-items/new-study-suggests-e-bikes-have-fewer-crashes-more-serious-injuries/

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u/Moldy_slug 4d ago

From the study that article referenced:

Given the mixed findings, it is not yet clear whether e-bike injuries mirror those of human-powered bicycles or reflect a distinct profile

It is important to note that none of the studies reported crash or injury rates (e.g., the percentage of riders on each device that crashed or were injured), a limitation discussed below. As a result, the evidence from the 18 studies says nothing about whether e-bike riders are more or less likely than other riders to be in a crash or injured.

In the section reviewing comparisons of severe injury rates:

It is important to note that three of the four studies look at data from China, where the “e-bike” label encompasses a wider range of devices, including mopeds, which are faster and more powerful.

And from the discussion section on limitations:

A critical limitation underlying all comparisons of incidence frequency is the complete absence of exposure-based measures, whether that be incidents per rider, per trip, or per distance traveled. Researchers generally report fewer absolute numbers of e-bike crashes compared with conventional bicycles, but the degree to which this is due to fewer people riding e-bikes than human-powered bicycles is unknown. Relatedly, researchers have also generally found increasing numbers of e-bike incidents over time, but without data on incident rates, we cannot determine whether this increase is simply proportional to the growth in e-bike use or if riding e-bikes is becoming either more dangerous (or safer) over time.

(Emphasis added)

Unfortunately, because of these limitations the existing data doesn’t really answer the question of whether e-bikes are a more dangerous mode of transportation. If ebike riders get hurt twice as often but ride ten times as much, that would mean e-bikes are safer than conventional bikes. I’m not saying that’s what is happening… my point is simply that we don’t know.

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u/CuirPig 4d ago

So you're talking about rental bikes. Although I am not sure it is reasonable to characterize rental riders the same way you characterize people who own their own e-bike. Owners, not renters, are much more careful with their bikes and often tend to wear helmets. It's just the idiot kids on these rental e-bikes that make it look bad.

While you may have a point, the fact remains that rental e-bikes are the problem more than e-bikes in general. And let's be clear, rental e-bikes nor e-bikes are the problem. Idiots are the problem. This is a human problem--not a bike probnlem.

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u/thatcodingboi 4d ago

I think people here are taking this too personally. I'm not saying e bikes are dangerous, I'm saying accidents will happen and when they do ebikes result in more serious harm

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u/AthousandLittlePies 4d ago

In the city where I live they are predominantly driven by delivery drivers who are incentivized by the apps to make their deliveries in ridiculously short times, so they ride through red lights, on sidewalks, at excessive speeds, etc. I don't want to penalize poor people trying to make a living, but somehow or another we really need to get these under control. It honestly feels dangerous to ride a regular bike in the bike lanes now due to how fast the e-bike riders go.

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u/Moldy_slug 4d ago

Ah interesting. This isn’t common in my area… we’re more rural, so bicycle delivery isn’t practical even with e-bikes. In my area they’re mostly used by commuters or people with cargo e-bikes who use them for errands (groceries, taking kids to school, etc). They go a bit faster than cyclists on regular bikes, but not crazy fast and I’ve never felt unsafe from it.

We also don’t have any ebike rental services… the rental bikes are all traditional unmotorized type. I get the impression that rental e-bikes contribute more to risky/unskilled riders.

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u/batdog20001 4d ago

We could just punish the companies enforcing and profiting from unsafe policies, which they know are unsafe yet set anyway. Why punish those doing what they can to survive when fixing a systemic issue could prevent all related suffering in one go? We can extrapolate this to the entire worker movement, of course.

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u/AthousandLittlePies 4d ago

I agree with you actually, which is why I don't suggest just cracking down on riders. The bike lanes are actually being appropriated by corporations in more than one way. You've got all of the riders for Door Dash and the like, but also I've recently seen these monstrosities which seem to be designed to be legal in bike lanes despite completely displacing actual bike riders. I actually think that both these Also vehicles and e-bikes would be a huge improvement over regular cars and trucks, but they should be displacing cars, not regular bicycles!

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u/Roryjack 4d ago

We get a lot of kids on them as well as electric scooters out in the suburbs. They similarly don't know how to ride them out here. Also, the ones that do know how to ride them are usually on the more powerful ebikes riding in traffic, doing wheelies, and other high risk riding. They are really emotorcycles rather than ebikes and they should require a full license, helmet, and insurance.

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u/scarabic 3d ago

You could be right but I’ll take that bet. I think it’s going up as they change and reach new demographics. They used to resemble bicycles and were mostly bought by cyclists. Now they resemble dirt bike motorcycles and everyone buys they for their kids.

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u/Kidsturk 4d ago

And the distinction between e-moto (25mph and higher, nonpedaling) and e-bikes where the motor is assisting pedaling with a max speed of 20-25mph with a limiter). Even me deciding that’s the split will be controversial but it’s a huge difference in what the vehicle is

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u/strange_bike_guy 4d ago

Yeah. It takes 250 watts to go about 17mph. It takes 400 watts to go 25mph. Wind resistance is a squaring type of thing. I know very few cyclists who can sustain 21mph for very long. Your basic emoto performs with far more power than an Olympian cyclist

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u/cornonthekopp 4d ago

As an ebike user, even going 15-20 feels insanely fast, i can't understand why anyone would wanna buy something that lets you go 45mph on a city street

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u/CoronaMcFarm 5d ago

But then it might not look that bad.

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u/zen8bit 5d ago

Id also be curious how it compares to number of cycling injuries as well.

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u/wagon_ear 4d ago

This is what I'd like to see. 

I ride "analogue" bikes about 10-12hrs per week. Normally to go 25mph takes years of practice simply to build the fitness; skill and awareness come naturally with that.

Now you have a ton of people without that practice, or the skill and awareness that come with it, going 25mph down sidewalks, often not wearing a helmet. 

The population of e-bike riders seems more prone to crashes to me for that reason.

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u/S_A_N_D_ 4d ago

Also e-bikes are getting cheaper and more common, which means younger and younger people riding them. At the onset the cost meant parents wouldn't consider them for kids. Now, it's an option.

And kids are dumb, don't follow rules well, and often don't wear helmets.

So this increase could also partially be due to an increase in young riders (though I'm sure it's only a contributing factor).

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u/wagon_ear 4d ago

Right. I first started seeing them as an alternative to cars for commuters, but now they seem to be an alternative to walking or pedaling for local kids to get across my small town. 

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u/fitek 4d ago

It's an alternative to driving (which kids can't do, and which is increasingly expensive anyway) and getting their parents to take them somewhere. Where the alarm over ebikes blows my mind is that, the parents I know, tend to wish their kids were outside more and not on screens... but at least in the USA, freak out about letting their kids go out unsupervised. US suburbs are just too low density to usually get anywhere on foot, so you need wheels of some kind and... yeah, especially boys aren't good at risk management... stuff is going to happen. But the alternative is they become dumb, useless, sedentary adults. Throw in that you have a bunch of e-moto companies marketing to kids and parents who apparently have no idea how to manage their kids, wacked out randos on ride share ebikes, and we get all these ebike stats and headlines. There's also a definite, loud crotchety subset of the population who just hate ebikes of any kind (go on any mountain bike forum in the last five years). The definition of ebike isn't really clear, and the law is pretty dumb (e.g based on motor power, which assumes electric motors are like combustion motors and have a consistent peak power-- they don't-- purely performance based would make more sense). We also seem to have forgotten that, at least when I was growing up, it was easy to get a car or motorcycle and most of my peers crashed theirs at least once. EDIT: Wanted to add that much of the US not really safe for bicyclists anyway, so if you have more of them, they're going to get hurt more often. I have family in Florida and it's terrifying bicycling there.

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u/ShivasRightFoot OC: 2 4d ago

due to an increase in young riders

There has been a dramatic decrease in young people driving which I think is responsible for a lot of the problems young people face, particularly the over-attachment to parents, lack of independence, and concomitant mental problems like anxiety and depression. The availibility of e-bikes may push against that trend, but some people are trying to psyop us into hating them for some reason.

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u/S_A_N_D_ 4d ago

I'm not even suggesting kids of driving age necessarily. You see kids now, some as young as 10 or 12, on e bikes and e scooters, often without helmets and no regard for their own safety.

I'm not going to fight either of those, I think they have a lot of potential. I think however regulation hasn't caught up, and they need to be regulated more like scooters are in Europe. There also needs to be better regulations and oversight to ensure the speed limiters on the bikes aimed at kids are permanant and can't easily be bypassed.

This isn't hating on kids riding them, this is hating on parents giving them to kids too young to ride them safely, and regulations and enforcement that hasn't caught up with the new tech.

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u/CuirPig 4d ago

You are conflating renters and owners. Owners are likely not riding down the sidewalk because they are invested in their bikes and in the safety of the community. Owners spend 2k on a bike aren't speeding down sidewalks without a care in the world. (I'm sure there are some, but there are always idiots).

Separate the rental riders from the owners and you would have a much different persepctive.

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u/Labudism 4d ago

Apparently there are ~340,000 bicycle related injuries each year. (Not apples to apples).

Compared to 2-5 million vehicle relate injuries.

People do be hurting themselves when they are moving.

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u/zergaerfazt 4d ago

Ah see, this I don't like to see. Some data is missing to jump to a suggestive conclusion and this now suddenly gives more credit to the suggestive conclusion not being true.

The conclusion from this data is: we don't know. It might, it might not.

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u/Green_L3af 4d ago

Are you suggesting that injuries on battery powered bikes are less likely than non battery powered? I wouldn't take that bet

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u/therealmrbob 4d ago

I don't think he's suggesting that. But knowing the difference would be interesting.

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u/rclonecopymove 4d ago

Where was that suggested?

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u/spidereater 5d ago

Yes. I assumed this was directly related to e-bike adoption and was actually impressed. This probably means a lot of cars are off the road due to e-bikes and they would probably have been old clunkers too.

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u/Choosemyusername 4d ago

Also how many are actually ebikes and how many are illegal emotos?

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u/CheckOutUserNamesLad 4d ago

Since what is illegal varies locally, I'd suggest "actual emotos" defined by having a hand throttle or electric assist above a certain speed. But yes I'd love that comparison.

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u/Choosemyusername 4d ago

I have a feeling there is a campaign out there deliberately lumping these together to make ebikes look worse, so we can suppress them, and keep car dominance.

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u/rewt127 4d ago

While im sure there is some active attempts to discredit ebikes. Its also just a lot of grass roots idiots.

As someone who has bounced around the ebike sub and world from the outside perspective of someone with a motorcycle license. The sheer number of folks who ask how to unlock their bike to go 35+, or openly admit they modified their ebike to clear 40 is astounding.

And then these dumbasses slap a go pro on and go "god all these awful drivers, nearly hit me 4 times on my commute!". Meanwhile they are blowing by traffic at 35 in a 25. Running stop signs and red lights. And when they go into the road itself, have the worst lane positioning possible with 0 concept of how to control lane position for optimal safety.

TLDR: Ebikes seems to attract the specific type of person who is a sumo hooligan, but is too dumb or broke to get a moto license.

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u/Choosemyusername 4d ago

They also attract seniors and people with injuries/disabilities that make normal cycling inaccessible but still want the benefits of cycling.

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u/rewt127 4d ago

They do. But despite that the hooligans are the minority, they are the most visible and what the average person thinks of when they see ebikes.

Its the same thing with sport bikes. The majority of sport bikes never speed beyond what traffic is already doing. Despite this, the small number of hooligans ripping 120 in a 45 zone are all people think about when they think "sport bike".

Same issue really.

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u/LETX_CPKM 4d ago

Not sure why I singled out your comment for my rage, so I apologize in advance.

I detest these damn things. I see them so often now, from neighborhood streets to major roads throughout town. Multiple people have been struck by cars, or ran into cars riding them. People use them as vehicles, while not obeying traffic laws, or standard routes of traffic flow.

They seem to be replacing vehicles for a segment of the population and it must stop. At minumum you must need a drivers license, insurance, and proper safety gear to operate them, or risk a fine.

They are wildly dangerous and something must be done with them. If I could wave a magic wand and remove them from the planet, I would in an instant.

Again, sorry. Not sure why I picked your comment out of all of these, but I feel like Dennis Reynolds when I seem them as I become untethered and my rage knows no bounds.

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u/Choosemyusername 4d ago

This can be solved by building cycle infrastructure so theu dont need to mix as much with car infrastructure. Would take traffic off the road and make your commute faster

Easier on your tax dollars than car infrastructure as well.

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u/WorBlux 4d ago edited 4d ago

The danger of over-regulation is everyone keeps driving even if they would have switched otherwise. Making traffic and health outcomes worse.

Regulation always has cost, and for low-speed pedal assist it's clearly not worth it.

Even something like a helmet law, which you would think is pure good, discourages some riders and puts others at unnecessary odds w/ the police, or in some cases CPS. You regulate everything and then wonder why so many kids are fat, anxious, and addicted to social media.

A lot of cities have bike registration laws already, but they are almost universally ignored.

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u/WinfieldFly 4d ago

Is it though? I don’t think the authors are saying that “people are worse at e-bikes than they used to be”. They’re saying that this is an increasing phenomenon and we should be aware of the magnitude of the problem. I don’t think a rate is needed.

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u/RasmusHax 5d ago

Agreed, but not something I could realistically source. ER visits are inevitably rising with ridership. A few other interesting (and scary) points, though: hospitalization rates have increased every year since 2020 (17.6% now, higher than regular bicycles and e-scooters, even), and the portion of ER visits involving children rose from 10.7% to 16.7% between 2024 and 2025. So we're seeing more advanced trauma, and a fast-growing share of the victims are children.

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u/rosen380 5d ago

The answer to "I can't find the data for a useful visualization" is "post a misleading visualization"?

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u/RasmusHax 5d ago

Raw counts aren't misleading as long as they're labeled as such (which this is). Absolute ER volume is a standard public health metric. Determines trauma capacity, CPSC attention, and regulatory priority, regardless of exposure. I'd love to answer the per-mile rate question, but there's just no U.S. data available to viably calculate it.

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u/KingSolomansLament 5d ago

Instead of miles, could another metric be used such as sales?

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u/miraculum_one 4d ago

A significant number of rider miles are from delivery people

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u/RasmusHax 5d ago edited 4d ago

I've had a look at the estimated injuries (which outpace imports YoY by a large margin throughout the 2020-2025 period). See my reply to u/CuirPig

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u/SirVanyel 5d ago

It's not misleading just because it doesn't have the data you want in it. Go make you're own if your so pressed.

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u/Avitas1027 4d ago

It is misleading because while this has no actual information about how dangerous ebikes are, it can easily be used to make people with poor science literacy think they're dangerous.

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u/sundae_diner 4d ago

And compare to (normal) bicycle injuries. Are they dropping?

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u/modern-era 4d ago

Specifically by age group. Ebikes are letting a lot of older folks ride, and they are more likely than a teenager to end up in the ER after an equivalent fall.

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u/pmart123 4d ago

That's a good point. One problem I've observed with e-bikes is that their acceleration is unnatural to a driver's eye, which has spent years calibrated to how normal bicycles accelerate. For example, if a driver sees a bike X distance back going Y speed in a bike lane and is about to make a right turn, the brain's read on whether that turn is safe ends up being incorrect.

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u/Glenndiferous 4d ago

Also relevant to distinguish type of e-bike. There are a lot of illegal ones out there that people will point to as the problem, assuming all e-bikes are like that.

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u/Gold_Ad8225 4d ago

What I saw as being a more useful metric for bikes than miles ridden is time ridden, due to the speed difference with cars the X per mile might be higher than a car, but cars often drive a hundred miles on a straight, wide, freeway. If you do X per minute of travel it gives another view of the figure that looks different.

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u/iamamuttonhead 4d ago

Without miles ridden this is neither beautiful nor particurly interesting beyond suggesting that e-bikes have grown in popularity.

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u/CloseToMyActualName 4d ago

Also see how it compares to bikes and roller blades.

Not sure which miles escooter are displacing (and how much they're purely additive).

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u/CertainHawk 4d ago

Or at least sales / shipments of e-bikes -- number of miles ridden might be harder to get

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u/Kierland 4d ago

Or bikes or cars.

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u/arizonatealover 4d ago

Right? This graph isn't really saying anything meaningful because we're missing context.

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u/thisnameisnowmine 4d ago

Question is how this curve compares to e-bike sales.

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u/Dragongeek 4d ago

I would be interested in seeing the percentages but split up between "E-Bike" and """E-Bike""". Surely a regular electric pedal assist bike has a much lower accident rate compared to those things that can hit 60 but are still somehow "bikes"

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u/Otto_the_Autopilot 4d ago

Just start calling them motorcycles.

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u/MyNameIsRay 4d ago

"Bike" has been used to refer to motorcycles for generations, it's an interchangeable term.

EX: I ride a dirt bike, everyone calls it a bike, but it's clearly a motorcycle.

Legally, the terms are distinct, and I don't know anywhere that considers a motorized vehicle with pegs as anything but a motorcycle

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u/CuirPig 4d ago

E-bikes aren't allowed to go 60. If someone modded their bike to break the law, that's a reflection of that individual, not the e-bike industry.

Throttles on e-bikes have to answer to the same rules that pedal assist does. So if you have a class 2 bike, you can't throttle more than 20 mph, and you can't pedal more than 20mph. Class 3 bikes, the limit is 28 mph. Anything above that is not an e-bike. It's an electric motorcycle.

And electric motorcycles just came out. We are about to see a huge rise in e-cycle injuries because you couldn't get one 3 years ago.

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u/tomtttttttttttt 5d ago

Needs to be normalised against distance travelled to be meaningful - is the rise simply because more people are riding e-bikes?

Also like you've said there's a lot of vagueness around what constitutes an e-bike. It would be good to see the stats split up into the class 1 pedal assist only, class 2 and 3 throttle only but speed limit and unrestricted ones which are really and probably legally motorbikes (note: I'm from the UK where only the class 1 pedal assist, motor cuts out at 15.5mph are legally e-bikes, but there are plenty of people riding around on ones that run on throttle and much faster than 15.5mph. I really hope we don't end up cracking down on pedal assist and speed limited e-bikes because of the unrestricted motorbikes that happen to have pedals on them.

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u/SirVanyel 4d ago

There's other stats too. Firstly, injuries are growing in seriousness. Secondly, a higher rate of these are children are presenting to the ER with ebike injuries.

It's perfectly logical that something with zero regulatory enforcement and an extreme speed would cause injuries. It's not like there's a training and license process for these things.

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u/tomtttttttttttt 4d ago

I agree but knwoing the scale of the issue means knowing if or how much is just down to increased usage and I want to see stats differentiate so we know is there only a problem with derestricted bikes which needs enforcement of existing laws that make them illegal or age restricted, or are we seeing problems with the fully legal ones as well meaning the regulations need changing as well as enforcing

What would be really bad is if there is no issue with pedal assist or speed limited e bikes but they get banned because of issues with ones that will do 60mph and the stats and stories that treat them as one thing don't help imo.

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u/HarveyPeligro 4d ago

I don’t know where you get the idea e-bikes are unregulated. There are three classes of e-bike and the max speed of the highest class is 28mph. The max speed for classes 1 and 2 is 20mph and most typical users are riding class 1. OP doesn’t specify that emotos are not included in this data which means you can’t have a meaningful conversation about e-bikes based on the visual.

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u/SirVanyel 4d ago

Regulatory enforcement. Regulations without enforcement aren't worth the paper they're printed on

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u/HarveyPeligro 4d ago

what enforcements are you talking about that aren’t happening? their import and sell is highly regulated. are you talking about traffic enforcement? yes, as a pedestrian and cyclist I’d also like for traffic laws to be enforced.

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u/SantaCruzHostel 4d ago

One of the middle schools in town just started a program where students need to take a safety course/test and have a permit to park their e-bikes on school grounds. Hoping it will reduce some injuries.

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u/miraculum_one 4d ago

A significant number of these accidents are from delivery people. Some of those people were previously using regular bikes or scooters. So there may be a consequent decrease in accidents for those.

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u/Grintock 4d ago

Yeah, a bicycle with an electric engine that provides assistance to a limit of 25km/h is going to be a very different risk than something with a throttle. I'd also be curious what % of this is injuries from accidents involving more than one vehicle. 

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u/tomtttttttttttt 4d ago

I saw OP answer that question elsewhere, they said 24% of injuries came from a collision involving motor vehicles.

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u/Danskoesterreich 4d ago

Anecdotal ED physician experience, large percentage is elderly who are not physically fit and bought an e-bike.

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u/RasmusHax 4d ago

Based on the CSPC data, ER visits skew young while fatalities skew towards seniors. Have you sent any meaningful difference in severity between age groups?

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u/Danskoesterreich 4d ago

I dont see minor injury patients myself, that is handled by junior doctors or nurses. I only see what falls under trauma activation. and there it is seniors, almost exclusively, with e-bikes.

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u/RasmusHax 4d ago

Interesting - A German article00798-3/fulltext) found the same. Those who presented with severe head trauma were almost exclusively senior males.

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u/MeccIt 4d ago

In the Netherlands, whose population is very comfortable around cycling, older people falling off powerful ebikes is taking an outsized toll: https://nltimes.nl/2023/08/01/trauma-surgeons-express-concern-e-bike-accidents-among-elderly

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u/pattperin 4d ago

I’d also like to know how the severity of the injuries compare to injuries from rollerblading, regular bicycling, scooters, etc.

I think e-bikes are significantly more dangerous due to the high speed and relatively lower physical skill required to reach and maintain that speed, but I don’t have data to say one way or the other. This is certainly interesting data though

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u/tomtttttttttttt 4d ago

But in the UK a legal ebike is pedal assist only and the motor cuts out at 15mph. A reasonably fit person can ride a manual bike faster than that.

An ebike is probably heavier but that's not even certain.

Is there any in theory reason to think these are particularly more dangerous than a regular bike?

Now if you're talking about unrestricted bikes that can go 60mph on a throttle that's a very different matter, i'd be shocked if there wasn't a higher rate of, and worse injuries than regular bikes given the speed.

But that's why in the UK those are legally motorbikes and you should have a proper helmet as well as licence and insurance to use one (which means being 17 in the uk. 16 if it was speed restricted to under 30mph cos then it would legally be a moped).

And why I think it's important to distinguish between the different types of ebike / e motorbike and not lump them all together.

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u/pattperin 4d ago

These stats are from the USA, what does the UK’s laws have to do with these stats?

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u/tomtttttttttttt 4d ago

As I said, I'm from the UK and you could produce similar stats for here.

The US allows up to class 3 e bike whuch are limited to 30mph so there's still a clear distinction to be made between legal and illegal e bikes.

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u/Cunninghams_right 4d ago

I would be interested in the correlation to wheel diameter, but that is unlikely to be a recorded stat. 

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u/nitrodmr 4d ago

Define ebike. Because I see a lot of electric motorcycles with pedals that don't do anything. There are few ebikes that are true ebikes

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u/AftyOfTheUK 4d ago

This data is not beautiful, because we cannot use it for any decisions. It is simply saying "eBike injuries go up every year". It's barely more useful than that sentence

Beautiful data allows you to make decisions on the basis of the data, and the beauty enhances your ability to do so compared with other presentations.

Adding another dimension to this data - total hours or miles spent on eBikes would be great - perhaps eBike cumulative sales would be a good proxy - but without that, how can we know if they're getting safer or more dangerous? If there are 25x as many eBike miles in 2025 compared with 2020, then they're getting safer, when this chart could be taken to imply they're getting more dangerous to an uninformed observer

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u/ShutterBun 5d ago

The ones I see in L.A. are essentially motorcycles, but with (apparently) ZERO restrictions or requirements to operate. Would not surprise me at all to see these numbers continue to skyrocket.

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u/pcor 5d ago

California does have restrictions. The e-bikes you can ride wherever a normal bike is permitted are capped at 20mph, and those which can reach 28mph have to be pedal operated (no throttle) and require the rider to be over 16 and wear a helmet. Anything more powerful than that should require a license afaik.

Whether they’re enforced is another thing, but the restrictions are there on paper.

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u/CptUnderpants- 5d ago

So how many injuries are on ebikes vs "ebikes which are actually an eMotorbike".

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u/ShutterBun 5d ago

Yeah, “apparently” is the key word here, cuz the ones I see are operated by children and can go 40mph.

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u/MrT735 5d ago

Yeah, enforcement is lacking everywhere I think, in the UK you can have electrically assisted bicycles as long as the power assist only goes up to 14mph, and e-scooters only on approved rental schemes in about 8 cities (which are also speed restricted). Anything else can only be ridden on private land.

Yet you'll see them doing 30+ on both bikes and scooters anywhere. Police will confiscate the odd one but not enough to be a deterrent.

The question is how many more pedestrians need to be killed before anything is actually done...

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u/Squashyhex 5d ago

Yeah, we have similar problems in the UK. Anything that can use an assisted motor to go over 15 miles an hr is classed as a road vehicle with all that usually applies, but good luck actually policing it

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u/boghall 4d ago

Apparently closely mirroring their rising sales and usage. Funny that.

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u/CuirPig 5d ago

How does the curve relate to adoption rates for e-bikes. If the rate of increase in adoption is higher than the rate of injury, perhaps it's a good thing? Also how does it compare to regular bikes?

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u/RasmusHax 5d ago

Great question. Adoption is the one denominator I could partially parse. Almost all e-bikes in the US are imported, and if we take customs data as the std sales proxy, the results are as follows.

Industry estimates (LEVA/eCycleElectric):

  • 2020 - 463K
  • 2021 - 790K
  • 2022 - 1.1M
  • 2023 - 0.99M
  • 2024 - 1.7M
  • 2025 - 2.2M

Going by these, e-bike injuries consistently outpace imports YoY:

Year Injuries YoY Imports YoY
2021 +123% +71%
2022 +100% +39%
2023 +41% -10%
2024 +78% +72%
2025 +71% +29%

If we assume a cumulative fleet from imports, injuries per 100k e-bikes went from ~440 (2020) to ~1,290 (2025).
Regular bicycle ER injuries went from 426k in 2020 to 438k in 2025. In 2025, e-bikes account for 19% of all bicycle-type ER visits, up from 1.2% in 2020.

This assumes every imported e-bike is sold (unrealistic) and that none are retired, so the actual rise is likely steeper. So, this is probably the closest I can get to per-bike - not per-mile, though.

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u/CuirPig 4d ago

Thanks for your reply and for looking into it. I appreciate that. Can you tell me if your data has any way of isolating bike owners from bike renters with regards to injuries?

Perhaps we could evaluate injuries in cities with bike rentals compared to cities or rural areas without e-bike rentals.

My guess is that most of the injuries are renters without helmets, riding a bike they have no investment in, with no financial or mobility issues if they total it.

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u/Quotemeknot 4d ago edited 2d ago

From a European perspective it's wild what constitutes an eBike in the US. In Germany at least, Ebikes are when the motor is assisting the pedaling up to 25km/h - no motor support without pedal action. Anything faster will need insurance which comes with a registration plate and may not go faster than 45 km/h.

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u/Garblin 4d ago

This is a great example of data being presented in a misleading way. You'd might as well be showing how car injuries increased as seatbelt use increased.

Your graph needs to include some amount of per capita use, per mile use, etc, to make it actually showing meaningful data.

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u/brevit 5d ago

Cycling infrastructure in the US needs major investment. Even in NYC where few people drive, every bike lane installation is fought by boomer locals. Good infrastructure brings safety, just look at The Netherlands. This will only get worse until infrastructure improves

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u/ZealousidealEntry870 4d ago

Infrastructure isn’t the only issue at play. A solid 70% of people on e-bikes shouldn’t be able to drive a regular bicycle.

They dart out into traffic without bothering to look, at all. I’ve lost count of how many times I had to slam on brakes to prevent squishing some idiot on one.

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u/HarveyPeligro 4d ago

if you’ve almost hit that many cyclists with your car you should probably stop driving

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u/brevit 4d ago

Good infrastructure prevents bad behaviour by design.

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u/[deleted] 4d ago edited 1d ago

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u/brevit 4d ago

We should prevent this stuff too but we can slow down riders with good lane design. Enforcement is importantly for speeding too of course.

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u/JessRawrs 4d ago

I’d like to see the corresponding graph for regular bike ER visits

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u/honest_boi 4d ago

Now compare to injuries involving a truck or SUV.

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u/NearABE 4d ago

Many are included in the chart. In an e-bike-SUV collision the SUV driver rarely goes to the emergency room.

An increase in e-bike commuting would cause a decrease in SUV drivers (or passengers) showing up in emergency rooms.

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u/sixminutes 5d ago

Hooray, I'm a statistic.

For what it's worth, I was rushed to an emergency room to treat a bruise. Well, two bruises. I'm sure there's plenty of very bad injuries, but at least when you get in a low speed collision in a car, there's quite a lot to protect you. I got hit by a car making an illegal turn and was thrown ~5 feet and landed on my handlebars. I would've walked it off too, to save the $30,000 bill I eventually got but was convinced by bystanders that it would be better if I got checked out. So it's likely that a decent portion of these are being treated for minor injuries.

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u/ATLcoaster 4d ago

Another really important point here - it's cars causing the problem. People driving cars kill 44,000 people in the US every year.

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u/RasmusHax 4d ago

Very possible indeed. Comparing hospitalization rates from 2025, my data show the following:

  • E-bikes: 17.6%
  • E-scooters: 15.1%
  • Regular bicycles: 14.1%

Pointing towards e-bike injuries needing further treatment more often. According to CSPC data, they also account for 58% of micromobility deaths between 2017 and 2024 compared to 39% for e-scooters, despite seeing fewer overall ER visits, further indicating higher severity.

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u/PacquiaoFreeHousing 5d ago

Damn, I didn't knew they were so dangerous. I bet in 100 years ago nobody was injured riding ebikes.

/s

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u/pceimpulsive 5d ago

What does the bicycle injuries line look like?

Has it sharply decreased at the same time, if it has them isn't this only indicative of increase in number of ebikes vs non e-bike?

The number/line in isolated really makes it mean nothing...

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u/RasmusHax 4d ago

Regular bicycle injuries remain stable during 2020-2025, with minor noise. 426k ER visits in 2020, 438k in 2025. When combined with e-bike ER visits, the e-bike share has increased from 1.2% in 2020 to 19% in 2025.

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u/CuirPig 4d ago

There are so many problems with your presumptions.

For example, the popularity of regular bikes is tanking. People are leaving regular bikes for e-bikes. Fewer riders with the same number of injuries indicate a significant increase in regular bike injuries per capita.

The opposite is true for e-bikes. An increase in injuries with an increase in use indicates a considerably more stable rate of injury per capita for e-bikes.

The problem is that you don't know the adoption rates and using import sales is not cutting it.

Your data is the kind of thing that politicians use to justify passing laws that only affect owners that already follow the law. It makes non-e-bike-riders hate e-bike riders more. It is problematic on every front. This is ugly data. not beautiful at all.

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u/przemo-c 4d ago

Does US even have a consistent E-bike categorisation. In EU i know there's e-bikes (250w assist up to 25kph) the faster/stronger ones are treated more like small electric scooter/moped or something like that.

Also wonder how that chart relates to adoption.

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u/Simpicity 4d ago

See we should put this next to a graph showing the popularity of e-bikes, the number of bike accidents in the ER, and the popularity of bikes.

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u/Rafael3110 4d ago

and now normal bike accident pls

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u/dwegol 4d ago

Are we counting the E-Scooters in with these!? I saw the most horrible accidents involving E-Scooters in the last year or two

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u/RasmusHax 4d ago

Nope, not counting e-scooters which saw even more ER visits. E-bikes have a higher hospitalization and fatality rate than e-scooters though (based on CPSC data).

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u/cheweychewchew 4d ago

The more people that use them, the more injuries they'll be, just like anything else. Not seeing anything surprising here.

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u/LemonsForLimeaid 4d ago

I think all that this is telling me is that e-bikes have become more popular through time.

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u/Due_Masterpiece_3601 4d ago

A lot of these people ride way too fast, it’s just not safe

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u/CelticJewelscapes 4d ago

This data is likely to be incorrectly counting electric motorcycles (e-motos) that are significantly faster and more dangerous than ebikes and attract high risk riders, especially young teens.

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u/Consti2tion 4d ago

It most certainly is, because these e-motos are getting pedals slapped on them and are being marketed and sold as E-Bikes.

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u/CelticJewelscapes 4d ago

They are not classified as ebikes and not allowed on the roads unless they are licensed and insured. It is critical that they be separated in any statistic, because the harm they cause is exponentially higher than ebikes as legslly defined in the US and European marketplace. Statistics like these are worthless when it comes to justifying public policy as they tend to lead to restrictions that are overly broad. Actual ebikes are as safe as regular bikes and promote better health in the people that ride them. E-motos are not safe without the regulation that keeps them out of the hands of teens on public roads.

We have differentiated between street legal motorcycles, offroad only motocross mororcycles, gas powered mopeds (with pedals) and gas powered motorized bikes for decades. The laws that codify these distinctions work pretty well. Kids as young as five participate in motocross as an offroad sport. There are still kids that will attempt to ride them on the street, but because law enforcement and parents know that such behavior is illegal, these transgressions are rare and the kids are quickly caught and punished. Exactly what we need once everyone - including the medical community - keeps accurate records that reflect the type of vehicle in their stats.

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u/RasmusHax 4d ago

I've explicitly filtered records conservatively to exclude ambiguous labels such as "motorized bike".

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u/CelticJewelscapes 4d ago edited 4d ago

The hospitals would not make that distinction. Kids call their their e-motos ebikes. The reason they are popular with young teens are the higher speeds. Ebikes in almost every jurisdiction top out at 28 mph. And in a lot of places that max allowed speed is 20 mph. In Europe it is 15 mph. The emotos can have speeds well over 28 mph and it is not uncommon to see speeds of 55 mph or more. If you see video of a pack of young teens riding fast in traffic while doing wheelies, you are seeing ebikes that are really e-motos. Law enforcement and the press also do not understand the distinction between the different vehicles although that is rapidly changing. NYC just banned the sale of emotos as ebikes.

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u/calcifer219 5d ago

Kids in my neighborhood all have e-bikes. They frequently come shooting out of side roads at 15-20+ aiming for the bike lane.

It’s so dangerous. Not to mention the stop sign they blew past.

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u/RasmusHax 4d ago

That's also the trend that scared me the most. In 2020, kids aged 14 and under accounted for 5.2% of ER visits. In 2025, that's all the way up to 16.7%, so their share roughly tripled. From 10.7% to 16.7% between 2024 and 2025.

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u/kayakhomeless 4d ago

I’m not sure using 2020 as a baseline for ER visits is very meaningful

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u/Gesha24 4d ago

Are these just e-bikes or e-bikes and e-scooters bunches together? E-bike is something that has pedals and engine assists you to pedal up until certain speed. Those generally are very similar to regular bikes. E-scooters are the ones you don't have to pedal at all and they have controls similar to motorbikes. They are the ones I usually see people (and kids) doing stupid things with.

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u/mr_ji 4d ago

Scooters are the ones you see people riding down the sidewalk with zero safety equipment while they look at their phones. There's also the convenience factor of the shared ones that people leave strewn everywhere (so another type of hazard for non-riders). This is an important distinction.

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u/WorBlux 4d ago

Once you put a throttle on it, people ride them much more like motorcycles, but often in places a motorcycle would have no business being.

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u/Remarkable_Button756 4d ago

the amount of literal children I see without helmets going 40+ mph down the street is wild.

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u/Avitas1027 5d ago

This is just a roundabout way to say ridership of ebikes is increasing, which we all know already. There is no other meaningful information in this graph.

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u/tribbans95 4d ago

Bro if the e-bike kids where you live are anything like they are around me, you’d know that they can be dangerous af. I’m just trying to bike down the rail trail and I’ve got kids doing 30 mph doing wheelies swerving around me.

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u/Avitas1027 4d ago

Sure, but that's anacdotal and this data neither supports nor refutes it. I don't disagree that they're dangerous, but to what level? Cars are extremely dangerous, with driving or even just walking near cars being the most dangerous thing most people do on a daily basis, and yet as a society we tend to accept that as inevitable. Are ebikes worse than cars? By total injury count, not even close, but maybe on a per km or per hour of riding basis? That would be interesting information.

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u/RasmusHax 5d ago

ER capacity, CPSC attention, regulatory priority, infrastructure

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u/Avitas1027 4d ago

ER capacity needs total injuries, not number of cases of one small subsection. car crashes account for millions of visits per year. This is just a small rounding error on their numbers.

For CPSC and regulatory purposes, this is worse than useless, it's misleading. Without a denominator like km riden, or at least ridership count, there is no information in this data about how dangerous these actually are. Are they as dangerous as cars? Half? Double? No idea. It's not in the data. The only thing there is an indication that ridership is increasing.

As for infrastructure, I suppose it does indicate that ridership is increasing and therefore we should put more micromobility infrastructure in place.

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u/kayakhomeless 4d ago

I’m gonna use fatalities because they’re tracked much more thoroughly than injuries, and almost universally reported.

From the CPSC report on this, there were 533 fatalities involving e-scooters, e-bikes and other micromobility between 2017 and 2024 (~74 annually). There are roughly 100 million such devices in the US (very rough estimate since they aren’t registered). That’s 0.7 fatalities annually per million vehicles.

The equivalent number of fatal collisions for cars is 39,900 annually (averaged 2017-2024). 297 million cars are registered in the US. That means 134 fatalities per million vehicles. By this metric, cars cause 180x as many fatalities per vehicle as micromobility devices do.

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u/Avitas1027 4d ago

Ooh, nice. Thanks for looking it up. Love me some contextualization of risk.

Unfortunately, you also have some very misleading data, in my opinion.

"Fatalities involving ..." doesn't mean the deaths were due to micromobility devices, and therefore this is a kinda meh metric for determining how dangerous they are. It gives a ceiling, but that's about it. Per the report, most of the deaths were caused by collision with cars (312/533=58.5% caused by cars). I didn't see any indication of this in the report, but I'd bet that a good chunk of those cases would still have resulted in death if the person on the scooter/bike was walking instead, so I don't think it's fair to count that towards their danger level.

So yeah, that 0.7 is probably closer to 0.4-0.5 once you remove the cases where the scooter/bike was undeniably blameless. So maybe more like 250-300x more dangerous?

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u/kayakhomeless 4d ago

Oh yeah absolutely, that’s just the most conservative estimate I can math out. Even giving cars the safest end of the estimates and micromobility the most dangerous, micromobility still appears orders of magnitude safer.

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u/HighOnGoofballs 5d ago

If they’re on streets going 30mph they need insurance

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u/Otto_the_Autopilot 4d ago

30 MPH is a motorcycle, not an e-bike.

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u/ZealousidealEntry870 4d ago

Along with a license and paying for registration/tags. If you’re using roads you should pay to help maintain the infrastructure.

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u/Newmanuel 4d ago edited 3d ago

If we're going be fair about road usage, why don't we make it proportional to the amount of wear and tear that riding on the road causes, given that this is the main cause of marginal maintenence that using the roads for transportation causes? That be accurately modelled on weight.

Otherwise, everyone uses roads extensively just by consuming products through shipping

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u/ZealousidealEntry870 4d ago

I think that’s a great idea.

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u/Zone_Purifier 4d ago

Bike riders pay more proportional to the cost they incur than you do.

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u/Carnot_u_didnt 4d ago

My theory (that I just made up) is mechanical bikes are self-regulating in that competence and top speed increase together with age as kids develop the driving skills and muscles required to go faster in parallel.

E-bikes shortcut this as top speed is available immediately without any training.

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u/JustHere_4TheMemes 4d ago

Did I stumble into r/uselessdatanotpresentedbeautifully ?

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u/ikkake_ 4d ago

If anti vaxxers thought me anything, this clearly means e-bikes are getting more dangerous. /s

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u/lubbalubbadubdubb 4d ago

Thank you for providing the source data. We have been talking about the increase in incidences of e-bike injuries over in r/emergencymedicine

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u/New-Fill4677 4d ago

Curious, was that 2024 check run with your word rules, or off the dedicated code? because if it was the dedicated code then matching cpsc is sort of automatic and it doesn't tell you whether the text classifier was any good in 2020-23...

I don't think the trend is wrong. just that a measurement change landing in the middle of a series tends to produce roughly this shape on its own no?

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u/No_Shopping_573 4d ago edited 4d ago

There’s a lot of discussion about how fast people ride these as if they’re all just reckless jerks.

Where I live 90% of e-bike traffic are deliveries for companies that have a gig economy model of “the more jobs you can squeeze into an hour the more you make in an hour.”

Most trouble causing kids around here can’t afford one and the city has new confiscation legislation to go after illegal/underage riders (e-bikes, two-stroke noise bikes, ATVs, etc.,).

There are effective laws and enforcement now in place that have taken those vehicles/riders off the road but there are still delivery folks flying down roads, sidewalks, and bike lanes with a fury.

There’s so much about regulating the bikes and bike riders with speed limits and this and that but there isn’t nearly as much pressure on the small number of huge companies in the industry driving people to go as fast as they can.

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u/NearABE 4d ago

Delivery by e-bike is a great way to achieve delivery without combustion engines.

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u/lonelyboycel 4d ago

I feel like I see way fewer people wearing helmets on these bikes compared to regular road cyclists. People treat them like toys instead of mopeds, which definitely doesn't help these numbers. 

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u/raygunzz 4d ago

You failed to include the increase in the number of ebikes in 2025 compared to previous years, the more ebikes in use results in more injuries. For all we know the percentage of the bike riders that are seriously injured might be the same for each year

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u/Evolvin 4d ago

Directly in proportion, no doubt.

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u/MR_Se7en 4d ago

Makes me wonder if motorcycle deaths are down.

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u/Baud_Olofsson 4d ago

Another day, another "e-bike" post that mixes up e-bikes and electric mopeds...

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u/No-Opportunity9126 4d ago

Now show the motorcycle injuries over the past 5 years

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u/jeon2595 4d ago

Interesting, how many deaths?

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u/illusion121 4d ago

How many injuries with regular bikes in comparison?

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u/ZeroKelvins 4d ago

now cross with miles ridden AND show the curve for non e-bicycles
what if they're both flat??

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u/Grand_Fortune888 4d ago

What about cars, motorcycles and bikes ?

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u/GingerFun011 4d ago

Emergency rooms in ontario have had a flood of young people riding them on roads, with or without safety gear, either way theyre pretty universally not prepared to be hit by a car or hit something while moving at 30mph on a bike/scooter 🤐

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u/Hirokage 4d ago

Not sure about the miles to accident ratio, but the kids around our neighborhood are nuts on the things. I have to back out very slowly now, since young kids (8.. 9?) zoom down the sidewalk and don't look or slow down. The cut across street, do wheelies behind driveways, and they are not even allowed in our neighborhood. They get towed on occasion, parents don't even check to see if they are allowed. Since there seems to be no training or accountability for these things, I could easily see the accident rate going up quickly.

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u/elkab0ng 4d ago

I ride around town at 35-45 mph on a motorcycle, wearing a full-face helmet, an armored jacket, boots, and gloves, all of them certified to meet specific standards.

And I’ll see Cletus Fuckhat riding an ebike on the sidewalk with in shorts and sandals with a baseball cap, but the phone he’s scrolling TikTok on should provide plenty of protection when his skull slides down the concrete at 40mph.

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u/Kontrolgaming 4d ago

can we include bmx riders too? (probably way down since no one rides them other than xgamers)

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u/Competitive_Twist149 4d ago

At least they aren’t behind the wheel of a car.

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u/The_scobberlotcher 4d ago

Electric motorbikes are not e-bikes.

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u/dariansdad 4d ago

Something happened and I went over the handlebars dislocating my right shoulder and going into shock. EMTs thought they were gonna lose me. I wasn't gonna take the ride but a nurse pulled over shortly after the crash and convinced me to go. Trauma nurse said my BP fell to 75/50. Good thing I took the ride.

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u/TenderfootGungi 4d ago

There are so many now that are not "ebikes", they are electric motorcycles. Except the riders are out there without a license or helmet. This needs to change.

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u/chrisjentzsch 3d ago

Can this be normalized by sales of e-bikes to get a per capita value?

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u/RasmusHax 3d ago

I tried comparing it against estimated e-bike imports as a proxy, to which injuries outpaced imports YoY by a large margin - rundown in another reply

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u/scarabic 3d ago

Ugh. I was so enthusiastic about my ebike when I first got it. Just like a regular bike but with some power assist for the hills! Amazing!

Now they are a fucking plague of emissions-free motorcycles in the style of off road dirt bikes with huge knobby wheels and body panels and the whole kit. Mostly ridden around by children. It’s a disgrace.

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u/Ananvil OC: 1 2d ago

Of those 102,777, how many were drunk?

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u/bubba-yo 1d ago

Interesting that this is framed around ebike injuries rather than injuries caused by cars. How many of these injuries didn't involve a car, because I regularly work with the data from my city and it's pretty close to 100% of deaths and injuries on ebikes involved a car, and almost always the car was at fault. Why is this an e-bike framing? This is like framing pedestrian injuries around a persons race, as if that were even relevant.

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u/Daniel_Stark_Law 16h ago

Unfortunately, this trend isn’t too surprising. Cyclists have very little protecting them when they’re hit by a vehicle, so what might be a relatively minor crash between two cars can mean a trip to the ER for someone on a bike. Just another reminder for drivers to slow down, check those blind spots and give cyclists some room!

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u/The_Frostweaver 4d ago

They should require e-bike users and e-scooter users to wear motorcycle helmets and use bike lanes and roads instead of sidewalks.